Scientists are studying whether everyday habits can help dogs live longer, healthier lives — and their findings suggest that small choices from owners may make a meaningful difference.
Researchers with the Dog Aging Project are investigating how dogs age and what can help extend their healthy years. While the team is also interested in future longevity medicines, they have already identified practical steps owners can take now.
One of the most important habits is regular exercise. Dogs who stay active tend to have better cognitive health and fewer reported medical problems. Exercise also helps prevent obesity, which is linked to conditions such as diabetes, osteoarthritis, breathing problems and urinary issues.
The amount of exercise a dog needs depends on breed, age and personality. Some energetic working or sporting breeds need much more activity than smaller or less athletic breeds. But consistency matters most. A dog who is inactive all week and then suddenly does a long, intense hike may be more likely to get injured.
Walks are a great option, but exercise can also include swimming, hiking, fetch, agility, tug-of-war or even short games at home. The best activity is one both the dog and owner can do regularly.
Social connection also appears to matter. Researchers found that dogs with more human and animal companions had fewer owner-reported health problems. Like people, dogs are social animals, and interaction may help keep them mentally engaged.
Enrichment is important too. Toys, games, outings and playtime can help stimulate a dog’s brain and may support healthier aging. These activities could even help delay cognitive decline later in life.
Spaying or neutering can also affect lifespan. Studies have shown that fixed dogs tend to live longer than dogs who are not. In females, spaying reduces the risk of mammary cancer and removes the risk of uterine and ovarian cancer. In males, neutering prevents testicular cancer and can lower the risk of prostate problems. It may also reduce roaming and fighting, lowering the chance of accidents.
Diet is another major factor. Experts recommend following science-backed nutrition rather than trends. Raw diets can carry infection risks, and home-cooked meals may not provide the right balance of nutrients unless carefully formulated.
Overfeeding is one of the biggest problems veterinarians see. Obesity can shorten a dog’s life and make many health problems worse. Some research suggests obesity may reduce lifespan by about 2.5 years. Keeping dogs lean is linked to better health across breeds and life stages.
Veterinarians recommend choosing foods that meet established nutritional standards, such as AAFCO guidelines, and checking packaging for statements saying the food is complete and balanced.
Routine vet care is also essential. Regular exams can help catch disease early, begin treatment sooner and improve long-term outcomes. Adult dogs should generally see a vet once a year, while senior dogs may need visits twice a year.
Preventive care matters as well. Vaccines, flea and tick prevention and parasite control can reduce the risk of serious disease.
Dental care is another important but often overlooked habit. Gum and tooth disease can cause inflammation, infections and added stress on the body, especially for dogs with existing health problems. Daily brushing is ideal, but even brushing a few times a week can help.
The goal is not simply to make dogs live as long as possible, but to extend their health span — the years when they are active, comfortable and free from serious disease.
In other words, helping a dog live longer starts with simple daily care: movement, companionship, good food, vet visits and clean teeth.